Advantages and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of liver fibrosis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is the common pathological process of various chronic liver diseases and is associated with the progression of liver diseases, and it is also a key factor affecting the outcome of liver diseases and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The early process of HF is reversible, but without timely intervention and treatment, HF may gradually aggravate and progress to liver cirrhosis and even HCC, which will endanger people's health. Therefore, it is of great significance to actively prevent and treat HF; however, due to the complex pathogenesis of HF, Western medicine treatment is limited and there is still a lack of effective and widely accepted anti-fibrotic drugs, and thus there is a huge demand for medical treatment. With the efforts of scholars in China and globally, traditional Chinese medicine treatment has become a hotspot and a key breakthrough point in reversing HF and preventing its progression, with the advantages of multiple targets and pathways. This article elaborates on the advantages and characteristics of TCM treatment of HF from the aspects of syndrome differentiation, method of treatment, drug compatibility, and modern molecular mechanism.

Abnormal gray matter and structural covariance network in first-episode and early-onset depression / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the abnormalities of gray matter volume (GMV) and the synergistic changes in different cerebral regions in the first-episode and early-onset depression (EOD) patients.Methods:A total of 60 patients with untreated EOD (EOD group) and 64 healthy controls (control group) matched for age, gender, and education underwent high-resolution T 1WI MR scans. Voxel-based morphometry was used to calculate the cerebral GMV. The difference in GMV between the two groups was compared with the t-test. Different brain regions were selected as seeds for structural covariation network (SCN) analysis. Spearman correlation model was used to analyze the correlation between the GMV in different cerebral regions and illness duration as well as the scores of Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD) 17 items in EOD group. Results:Compared to control group, the EOD group had significantly increased GMV in the right orbitofrontal cortex, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right inferior parietal lobule, right superior parietal lobule and bilateral precuneus ( P<0.05, corrected by FDR). Based on the right orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as seed regions, structural covariance analysis revealed that abnormal cooperative brain regions in EOD group, mainly distributed in the bilateral frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, paralimbic system and cerebellum ( P<0.05, corrected by FDR). In EOD group, significant negative correlations were observed between the GMV in the right orbitofrontal cortex ( r=-0.314, P=0.015), the left precuneus ( r=-0.283, P=0.029), and illness duration. Significant positive correlations were observed between the GMV in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the scores of anxiety/somatization factor of HAMD17 ( r=0.331, P=0.010), the left precuneus and weight factor of HAMD17 ( r=0.255, P=0.049), respectively. Conclusions:Abnormal GMV changes are observed in some regions of the prefrontal and parietal lobule in patients with untreated EOD, accompanied by extensive covariant brain regions and additional structural connectivity. In addition, the abnormal GMV changes in some regions are associated with clinical features. Part of the prefrontal and parietal lobule may be the biomarkers to objectively evaluate abnormal brain structure in depression patients in the early stage.

Study on abnormity of gray matter volume in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder and its correlation with cognitive function and clinical symptoms / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics of gray matter volume in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) patients compared with healthy controls, and to explore the correlation between brain regions with altered gray matter volume and the patients'cognitive function and clinical symptoms. Method Thirty-six patients with first-episode OCD and 35 healthy controls who were matched by age, gender and education level were selected and examined by MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). The head MRI and the Voxel-based morphometry was used to test the volume of gray matter. The correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the correlation between brain areas with altered gray matter volume and patients'cognitive function and Y-BOCS results. Results Compared with the control group, the OCD group had increased gray matter volume in frontal parietal lobe (postcentral gyrus-L, precentral gyrus-L) (t=4.299, P<0.0005, voxels>100) and temporal-limbic system (fusiform gyrus-L, superior temporal gyrus-L, medial temporal lobe-L, parahippocampal gyrus-L) (t=4.841, P<0.0005, voxels> 100). Meanwhile, the volume of gray matter decreased in bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus (t=-4.181, P<0.0005, voxels>100). In the case group, there were a positive correlation between the volume of gray matter in the temporal lobo-limbic system and social cognition score (r=0.347,P=0.038) and a positive correlation between the volume of gray matter in the anterior cingulate gyrus and obsessions score (r=0.416,P=0.012). Conclusion Patients with OCD have abnormal gray matter volume in a wide range of brain regions, including the frontal parietal lobe, the temporal-limbic system, and bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus, among which the volume of gray matter in the temporal-limbic system is correlated with social cognition, and gray matter volume in the anterior cingulate gyrus is correlated with obsessions.

Study on Protective Effects of Polygonum orientale Extract on Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury Model Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To study the protective effects of Polygonum orientale extract on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury （MIRI） model rats， and to provide reference for it’s deeply development of medicinal source. METHODS： Totally 24 rats were randomly divided into sham operation group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， Compound danshen tablet group （positive group， 0.17 g/kg） and P. orientale extract group （86 g/kg， calculated by crude drug）， with 6 rats in each group. All groups were given drugs 2 mL/100 g intragastrically once a day. After 4 d of consecutive administration， MIRI model was induced by the left anterior descending branch of arteria coronaria in all groups except for sham operation group. 24 h after reperfusion， they were given related medicine again. After medication， the changes of electrocardiogram ST segment were monitored in each group. The plasma levels of LDH， CK-MB， CK， cTn-I， SOD and NO were detected in each group. The myocardial infarction rate in each group was calculated and the pathomorphological changes in the myocardium were observed. RESULTS： Compared with sham operation group， ST segment of myocardial electrocardiogram was increased in model group （P＜0.01）. The plasma levels of LDH， CK， CK-MB and cTn-I were increased significantly （P＜0.01）， while the plasma levels of SOD and NO were decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. The rate of myocardial infarction was increased significantly （P＜0.01）， and pathomorphological changes were observed in myocardial tissue such as infiltration of inflammatory cells and loose cytoplasm of cardiac myocytes. Compared with model group， ST segment of myocardial electrocardiogram was decreased significantly in Compound danshen tablet group and P. orientale extract group （P＜0.05）； the plasma levels of LDH， CK， CK-MB and cTn-I were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）， while the plasma levels of SOD and NO were increased significantly （P＜0.05）； the rate of myocardial infarction was decreased significantly （P＜0.05）， and inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue edema in myocardium were relieved to varying degrees. CONCLUSIONS： The protective effect of P. orientale extract protect on MIRI may be exerted by anti-oxidative damage.

Clinical practice of day care mode at a children′s specialist hospital / 中华医院管理杂志

Day care practice at children′s specialist hospitals can improve the quality of care for children patients.The hospital adopted such means as improving the service management and regulations, the service process of day care, creating the " green channel" , and moving forward and extending the care service. Their practice proved that the day care mode can significantly shorten the waiting time for hospitalization, cut back medical costs, improve the medical experience of children and their family, and achieve all-win for " community-hospital-patient".

Design and synthesis of photosensitizer,13,15-cycloimides chlorin p6 / 药学实践杂志

Objective To design and prepare 13 ,15-cycloimides chlorin p6 (1) ,a class of chlorin related antitumor photo-sensitizers ,which contain a more stable six-membered cyclic imide comparing to the exocyclic anhydride ring of purpurin-18 (2) .Compounds (1) exhibit strong absorption at long wavelengths near λmax 700 nm to take full advantage of greater tissue penetration .Methods Pheophorbide a (3) was obtained by acid hydrolysis of chlorophyll a ,which was from crude chlorophyll extracts of Chinese traditional herb named Silkworm excrement .Purpurin-18 (2) was prepared by air oxidation and alkali open loop simultaneously on five-membered beta-keto carboxylic ester ring of pheophorbide a (3) .Finally ,the target compounds 1a~1j were synthesized via condensation of its anhydride ring with various amines including carboxyl-protected amino acids . Results Target compounds 1a~1j were successfully synthesized in yields ranged from 32 .6% to 65 .2% .Their structures were confirmed by elemental analysis ,ESI-MS and 1 H NMR spectra .Conclusion Treatment of purpurin-18 (2) with amines can produce target compounds 1a~1j .The starting raw material was inexpensive and readily available .The reaction conditions were mild and workup was convinient .

Optimization of synthesis process of photosensitizer chlorin f / 药学实践杂志

Objective To improve the synthesis process of chlorine f (1).Methods A "one-pot"method was applied to prepare Photosensitizer component (1),using pheophorbide a (3) as raw material by oxidating and cracking of the E-ring of (3) with bubbling oxygen in alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide at 0 ℃ followed by refluxing in nitrogen atmosphere.In order to obtain the optimal synthetic procedure,the orthogonal experimental design of L9 (34 ) was adopted to investigate three different levels of four main factors i.e.ring opening reaction time,alcoholic variety,alkali concentration and refluxing reaction time.Results The target compound (1) was optimizedly synthesized through treatment of raw material (3) with bubbling oxy-gen in 25% ethanol solution of potassium hydroxide at 0℃ for 30 min,followed by refluxing in nitrogen atmosphere for 20 min in yield of 40.8%.Conclusion The procedure developed has some advantages of simple and safty operation,and high synthetic yield.

Population Difference Analysis of Allele Frequencies of 24 Y-STR Loci / 法医学杂志

Objective To investigate the population genetic polymorphisms of 24 Y-STR loci in unrelat-ed individuals in Eastern Chinese Han population, and to compare the difference of Han group between Eastern China and Guangdong.Methods The population genetics of 24 Y-STR loci in 268 unrelated Han individuals from Eastern China were analyzed by GFS 24 Y-STR amplification kit. The allele fre-quencies in Eastern Chinese Han population were compared with the data in Guangdong Han population, and the difference analysis between two groups was performed.Results Among the 24 Y-STR loci of 268 unrelated Han individuals from Eastern China, 235 alleles and 267 haplotypes were observed. GD value ranged from 0.5649 to 0.9668. The difference between 12 loci(DYS622,DYS552,DYS443etal.) of Han population in Eastern China and in Guangdong was statistically significance.Conclusion GFS 24Y STR amplification system shows favorable polymorphisms, which can be used in patrilineal genetic relationship identification.

The application of teaching method of grouping and numbering the experimental animals on the teaching of basic operative surgery / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Teaching method of grouping and numbering the experimental animals refers to management of laboratory animals by marking them with numbers. In an experimental group, the same marked experimental animal is performed surgery operation by each group member. As a whole, each group member gets the same score according to the evaluation of operation performance of that group and the score is recorded as usual performance score. This method is simple and easy to implement. It is the optimizing of traditional basic operative surgery teaching methods which is conducted not only to improve medical students' sense of responsibility and animal protection awareness, to make full use of teaching resources and reduce waste, to cultivate medical students' team cooperation awareness, but also to deepen medical students' knowledge about surgical complications and improve the quality of teaching.

Linkage Disequilibrium and Mutation Rate Analysis of Sixteen X-STR Loci / 法医学杂志

Objective To assess the patterns oflinkage disequilibrium (LD ) of16 STR loci on X chrom o-som e and investigate the genetic stability. Methods G enom ic DNA samples extracted from blood stains from 500 unrelated individuals and 885 lineage m em bers from E astern C hinese H an population were genotyped through m ultiplex am plification using ID typerX-16 kit by our independent research followed by capillary electrophoresis. LD was assessed by PowerM arker v3.25 software and m utation rate of every locus was analyzed. Results LD were not found at the 16 X-STR loci. A llele m utations were observed at 10 loci. A m ong them , m utation rates of DXS6809 and DXS7132 were both up to 0.004 8. Conclusion W hen the 16 X-ST R loci included in ID typerX-16 kit were used for parentage testing, product princi-ples can be applied to calculate the likelihood, but m utation should be taken into consideration in the case that the genotypes do not m eet the genetic law(especially at DXS6809 and DXS7132).

Analysis on clinical diagnosis and treatment in 73 cases of children urethral injury / 重庆医学

Objective To summarize the diagnosis and treatment of urethral injury in children ,and to discuss the effective treat-ment method .Methods The retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 73 cases of children urethral injury in this hospital during recent 10 years .Results 66 cases were male ,7 cases were female ,aged 1-15 years old(average 7 years old) .In the male ca-ses ,there were 8 cases of anterior urethral injury ,10 cases of bulbous urethral injury ,44 cases of posterior urethral injuries and 4 cases of bladder neck injury ;in the female cases ,there were 6 cases of urethral injury and 1 case of bladder neck injury .The once cure rate of urethral realignment was 78 .6% ,which of stageⅠ urethral anastomosis was 80% and which of stage Ⅱurethral repair was 69 .6% .Conclusion Different operation modes have their advantages and disadvantages .The corresponding treatment scheme should be formulated according to the comprehensive assessment of the patient′s general condition and damage types .

Discussion on the running mode of the third party medical disputes mediation organization and its role / 中华医学教育探索杂志

We made the third party medical disputes mediation organization dispose medical disputes more quickly and effectively by analyzing its theoretical knowledge,running mode,economic framework,administrative agency and personnel disposition,which provided institutional insurance for the establishment of harmonious relationship between doctors and patients in our country.

Comparison of single prescrotal incision and traditional inguinal orchiopexy / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To compare the prescrotal orchiopexy and traditional inguinal orchiopexy in the clinical treatment of children with low cryptorchidism.Methods Seventy-two patients(78 testes)who underwent orchiopexy in our hospital during March 2006 to May 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.And the undescended testis could be manipulated beyond the external inguinal ring under anaesthesia.Matching conditions were age differences among 3 months,same preoperative testicular positioning,same surgeon and same side.Using the paired study of 1 to 1,all the patients were divided into 2 groups: prescrotal orchiopexy(group A)and the traditional inguinal orchiopexy(group B),each group included 36 patients(39testes).Mean age was 5.4 years(group A)and 5.5 years(group B).The time of operation and restore standing,success rate and complications,including hernia,hydrocele,testicular atrophy and ascent were compared between the 2 groups.Results All the patients were successfully operated.The average surgical time for the prescrotal and inguinal groups were 33 and 41 min(P =0.0022),and average time of standing was 1.2 and 5.4 d(P =0.0003).All the patients had no wound infection.Followup ranged from 3 to 65 months.No hernia,hydrocele,testicular atrophy and ascent were identified in either group.The ratios of successful surgery were 100％ in the two groups.Conclusions The prescrotal orchiopexy is simple,safe,and effective in the cases that testis could be pushed down through the external inguinal ring.Compared with traditional inguinal approach,the advantages of prescrotal approach are shorter operative time,fewer traumas,less pain,faster recovery and cosmetic results.

The establishment and evaluation of food allergy model in SD young rats / 临床儿科杂志

Objectives To explore suitable conditions for establishing food allergy model through sensitization by in-traperitoneal injection (i.p) with low-dose ovalbumin (OVA) and challenge by gavage with high-dose OVA in SD young rats, and to evaluate the model. Methods Sixteen three-week-old female SD young rats were randomly divided into two groups with 8 rats each. SD young rats in food allergy (FA) group were ifrst sensitized by intraperitoneal injection with 0.2 ml suspension mixed with 40 μg OVA and 1mg Al(OH)3 on the ifrst day (d 0), then intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 ml (40 μg) OVA solution on days 2, 4, 7, 9 and 11, and lastly challenged by gavage with 2.0 ml (15 mg/ml) OVA solution on days 20, 24, 28 and 30. The rats in the control group were intraperitoneally injected and gavaged with the same volume of normal saline instead of OVA during the same period. The eosinophils (EOS), mast cells (MC), the integrity of MC in intestinal mucosa of two groups were observed, and ovalbumin speciifc IgE (OVA-IgE) levels in serum were analyzed. Results The rats in FA group had lusterless hair and diarrhea, and compared with control group, OVA-IgE levels were increased signiifcantly (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the intestinal mucosa of jejunum, ileum and colon in FA group had more damage, with more EOS and degranu-lated MC aggregated (P<0.01). Conclusions The allergy model established through sensitization by intraperitoneal injection with low-dose OVA mixed with adjuvant Al(OH)3 and challenge by gavage with high-dose OVA in young rats had clinical features and intestinal pathological changes consistent with food allergy infants and it was an ideal food allergy model in SD young rats.

Study on animal models for food allergy / 国际儿科学杂志

Animal models play an important role in study on food allergy.This paper reviews the potential benefits and pitfalls of different animal models,including animal species and strains,test proteins,routes of exposure,the incorpration of adjuvants and evaluting indictor of allergic models,which can provide theoretical basis for evaluting the potential allergenicity of novel proteins and preventing food allergic diseases.

Laparoscopic orchiopexy for inguinal cryptorchidism / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic orchiopexy for inguinal palpable undescended testes. Methods Ninety patients with 103 inguinal undescended pal-pable testes were treated by laparoscopic orchiopexy performed by the same surgeon. There were 24 (26.7 %) left and 53 (58. 9%) right palpable cryptorchidism cases, plus 13 cases (14.4 % ) with bilat-eral undescended testes. The mean age of the patients was 17 months (range 8 months-6 years). The surgical procedures were described as following. First, the peritoneum was opened at the anterior sur-face of the spermatic vessels and vas deferens before the testis was pulled into the abdominal cavity so that the spermatic vessels and vas deferens were released and easily manipulated. Second, the inter-space between internal spermatic fascia (transversalic fascia) and processus vaginalis was divided so, that the testis could be pulled into the abdominal cavity. Finally, the trocar which was inserted from scrotum was placed through the outer ring. Finally, the testis was placed at position and fixed. Re-suits The mean operative time was 32.7±5.2 min. The processus vaginalis unclose was found in 93 (90.3%) cases; and contralateral process us vaginalis unclose were found in 12 (15.6%) cases of 77 unilateral undescended testes. The complication rate was 3(3.3%)cases, all in bilateral cases. All 103 testes were descended by laparoscopy. On follow-up ranging 6-12 months, all testes maintained good size and a proper position. Conclusions The laparoscopic approach may be a safe way to descend the inguinal palpable testes. Orchiopexy of palpable undescended testes can be done with advantages in the laparoscopic approach.

Renal hemodynamics evaluation in hydronephrosis children with no image on intravenous urography / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate renal hemodynamic changes in hydronephrosis children with no image on intravenous urography by color doppler flow image(CDFI). Methods The resistance indexes(RIs)in main renal arteries(MRAs),interlobar renal arteries(IRAs)and arcuate renal arteries(ARAs)were measured in 48 children with hydronephrosis with no image on intravenous urography.The thickness and area were also measured in hydronephrotic kidneys.Resistive index ration(RIR=hydronephrotic kidneys RI/contralateral RI)was calculated. And pathological changes of kidneys were graded in these cases.Spearman's correlation test was used to compare RIR and pathological grades in these kidneys. Results In healthy and hydronephrotic kidneys,the relevant parameters were as fol1.13±0.14,1.14±0.09,respectively in MRAs,IRAs,ARAs in hydronephrotic kidneys(P＞ness,area of hydronephrotic kidneys(P＜0.05),also between RIR and thickness,araa(P＜0.05),MRAs,IRAs,ARAs and pathologic grades(P＜0.05),especially in IRP(s(r=0.795,P＜0.01).Conclusions RIR of IRA could be an ideal parameter of renal hemodynamics to evaluate renal damage in children with congenital hydronephrosis with no image on intravenous urography.